Saxhorn

File:Saxhornbasse.jpg

A modern bass saxhorn in B-flat

The saxhorn is a valved brass instrument with a tapered bore and deep cup-shaped mouthpiece. The sound has a characteristic mellow quality, and blends well with other brass.

The saxhorn family

The saxhorns form a family of seven instruments (although at one point ten different sizes seem to have existed). Designed for band use, they are pitched alternately in E-flat and B-flat, like the saxophone group. There was a parallel family built in F and C for orchestral use, but this seems to have died out.^{[citation needed]}

There is much confusion as to nomenclature of the various instruments in different languages. This has been exacerbated by the debate as to whether the saxhorn family was truly new, or rather a development of members of the previously existing cornet and tuba families. The saxhorn is also commonly confused with the flügelhorn, a German instrument which has a different configuration and predates the saxhorn. This confusion is not helped by the fact that most instruments referred to today as flügelhorns are actually soprano saxhorns.^{[citation needed]}

The following table lists the members of the saxhorn family as described in the orchestration texts of Hector Berlioz and Cecil Forsyth, the J. Howard Foote catalog of 1893, and modern names.

Foote	Berlioz	Forsyth	Modern
---	Sopranino in C/B-flat	---	---
---	Soprano in E-flat	Sopranino in E-flat	Sopranino/Soprano in E-flat
---	Alto in B-flat	Soprano in B-flat	Soprano/Alto in B-flat
Alto in E-flat	Tenor in E-flat	Alto in E-flat	Alto/Tenor in E-flat
Tenor in B-flat	Baritone in B-flat	Tenor in B-flat	Tenor/Baritone in B-flat
Baritone in B-flat	Bass in B-flat	Bass in B-flat	Baritone/Bass in B-flat
Bass in E-flat	Contrabass in E-flat	Bass in E-flat	Bass in E-flat
Contrabass in E-flat	Contrabass in B-flat	Contrabass in B-flat	Contrabass in B-flat
---	Contrabass in low E-flat	---	---
---	Bourdon in B-flat	---	---

History

File:Saxhorn.jpg

Band of 10th Veteran Reserve Corps, Washington, D.C., April, 1865

Developed during the mid to late 1830s, the saxhorn family was patented in Paris in 1845 by Adolphe Sax. Sax's claim to have invented the instrument was hotly contested by other brass instrument makers during his lifetime, leading to various lawsuits. Throughout the mid-1850s, he continued to experiment with the instrument's valve pattern.

Saxhorns were popularized by the distinguished Distin Quintet, who toured Europe during the mid-nineteenth century. This family of musicians, publishers and instrument manufacturers had a significant impact on the growth of the brass band movement in Britain during the mid-to late-1800s.

The saxhorn was the most common brass instrument in American Civil War bands. The over-the-shoulder variety of the instrument was used, as the backward-pointing bell of the instrument allowed troops marching behind the band to hear the music.

Contemporary works featuring this instrument are Désiré Dondeyne's "Tubissimo" for bass tuba or saxhorn and piano (1983) and Olivier Messiaen's "Et exspecto resurrectionem mortuorum" (1984).

References

• J. Howard Foote catalog, 1893
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Discography

• Saxhorn et piano - Hybrid'Music Label - october 2008

David Maillot, saxhorn - Géraldine Dutroncy, piano - Works by Eugène Bozza, Marcel Bitsch, Jacques Castérède, Alain Bernaud, Henri Tomasi, Claude Pascal, Gérard Devos and Roger Boutry.

14 Volumes of saxhorn band are available featuring The First Brigade Band http://1stbrigadeband.org/1_home.html

See also

• Alto Horn
• Baritone
• Flugelhorn

External links

• Saxhorn, Euphonium and Tuba site (in French)
• Dodworth Saxhorn Band
• Greg's Brass History Page
• First Brigade Band
• Galpin Society list of extant Adolphe Sax instruments
• Template:Wikisource1911Enc Citationde:Bügelhorn