Mute

A mute is any device added to a musical instrument to alter or dampen its sound, projection, or tone quality. Mutes can range from concert devices used to simply alter an instruments tone to practice mutes with the sole purpose of dampening the sound as much as possible.

Mutes for brass instruments

Brass mutes are conical devices made of a variety of material, ranging from inexpensive paper or cardboard mutes to highly engineered wooden, brass, or aluminum fixtures that are inserted into the bell of the instrument.

Straight mute

The straight mute is the simplest mute - a simple cone inserted into the bell of the instrument that alters the tone of the instrument, making it noticeably thinner. Straight mutes are commonly available for all brass instruments.

Practice mute

Practice mutes range from simple straight mutes that are engineered to dampen as much vibration as possible, to elaborate and sophisticated systems that can cancel out almost all sound completely. Practice mutes are usually not employed in performance settings.

Cup mute

The cup mute is usually similar to a straight mute with a notable cup or bowl shape that usually covers the entire surface of the bell. Cup mutes are not always available for the horn or tuba.

Harmon mute

The harmon, or wah-wah mute is a two-part mute that seals all the air from existing the instrument and directs it through the mute itself, resulting in a very "buzzy" tone that can be altered through the placement of the second part, the stem, which can be placed all the way in, halfway out, or completely removed. The hand can also be used to alter the sound, especially when the stem is removed. This type of music is typically used by trumpets and trombones and it's application is very rare or unheard of on other instruments.