Countertenor

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The term countertenor refers to the highest male voice. Many countertenor singers perform roles originally written for castrati in baroque operas. Except for a few very rare voices (such as the American male soprano Michael Maniaci, or singers with a syndrome such as Kallmann's) singers called countertenors generally sing in the falsetto register, sometimes using their modal register for the lowest notes. Historically, there is much evidence that "countertenor", in England at least, also designated a very high tenor voice, the equivalent of the French haute-contre, and something similar to the "leggiero tenor" or tenor altino. It should be remembered that, until about 1830, all male voices used some falsetto-type voice production in their upper range.

Ranges

Countertenor: from about G3 to E5 or F5
Sopranist: extend the upper range to usually only C6, but some as high as E6 or F6
Haute-contre: from about D3 or E3 to about D5

Countertenor sub-types: There are several sub-types of countertenors including Sopranist or male soprano, Haute-contre, and modern castrato.

Instruments and Voices
Woodwinds	Flutes • Recorders • Oboes • Bassoons • Clarinets • Saxophones • Bagpipes
Brass	Horn • Cornets • Trumpets • Trombones • Euphonium • Tubas • Saxhorns
Keyboards	Piano • Organ • Harmonium • Harpsichord • Clavichord • Celesta • Accordion
Percussion	Snare drum • Tom-toms • Bass drum • Cymbals • Gongs • Shakers • Drumset Glockenspiel • Chimes • Vibraphone • Xylophone • Marimba • Timpani • Musical saw
Electronic	Theremin • Ondes Martenot • Synthesizer • Electronic Wind Instrument
Stringed	Harp • Violin • Viola • Violoncello • Contrabass • Guitar • Mandolins • Violin octet
Voices	Soprano • Mezzo-soprano (often mistaken with Alto) • Contralto (often mistaken with Alto) Countertenor • Tenor • Baritone • Bass-baritone • Bass